Lemongrass can be distilled or used as a dried herb.
Lemongrass, a naturally occurring herb that can be cultivated, is known for its lemony scent and an oil called citral. The oil comes from the process of steam distillation, which occurs when heated water produces boiling points that extract it from the plant's leaves. Once extracted, citral is called lemongrass oil and used in perfumes, soaps, cosmetics, citronella and medicinal remedies. Fresh lemongrass can be purchased from herb and natural food suppliers and you can perform steam distillation at home.
Preparation
Before distilling, lemongrass should be kept in a dry place with little exposure to air, which allows it to dry out and shrink. After 24 hours of drying, cut the lemongrass into short pieces. This drying and cutting process allows more lemongrass to fit into the distiller, which will yield a larger amount of oil. Once lemongrass is cut, it should be distilled immediately.
Distillation
Distillers have three components: a two-part flask that holds lemongrass and water, a condenser and a collection container. Lemongrass should be packed tightly into the flask and heated to produce steam. The condenser connects to the flask and, as the lemongrass heats, oil and water flow into the condenser. The oil and water separate and a valve allows you to release water from the container, while keeping the extracted lemongrass oil contained. The process takes about three hours.
Storage
Store your lemongrass oil by pouring it from the distillation collection container into a lidded glass jar. Fill the jar to the top, as trapped air will cause the oil to break down. It should be stored in a dry area out of direct sunlight. The color of lemongrass oil varies between dark yellow and red.
Uses
You can use lemongrass oil many ways. A few drops can be sprinkled into bathwater or a vaporizer machine, or directly onto your skin. It can be used for massage, skin care or to repel insects. Said to have astringent and relaxation properties, it can be added to homemade soap, lotion and detergent recipes. Leftover lemongrass leaves from the distiller can be composted and used as garden fertilizer. Pregnant women should avoid lemongrass to avoid risk of irritation.
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