Camphor is a white crystalline substance obtained from the tree, Cinnamomum camphora, according to the Botanical website. The name, however, has also been given to different concrete, odorous, volatile products from a variety of aromatic plants. Known as "alcanfor" in Spanish, camphor is a common ingredient in cold medicines, air fresheners, pest control products and is also used for warding off illnesses. Sold as a balm, ointment or in cube form, camphor has been shown to be a danger, particularly for children.
Dangers to Children
The Health Department of New York City has warned parents that camphor products can be very dangerous for children. If accidentally ingested, or applied to the skin, camphor products can be toxic, according to the NYC Health website. In 2008, three cases of seizures associated with camphor were been confirmed and seven additional cases were investigated. The FDA has not approved the use of camphor for cold or cough medicine. Legal products containing camphor, such as chest rubs, should be used only as directed on the label. The main symptoms of camphor poisoning can occur within 5 to 20 minutes and include nausea, stomachache, vomiting, agitation, irritability and seizures.
Camphorated Oil Warning
Camphorated oil is very dangerous, particularly in the case of accidental ingestion, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics. This is because the oil is mistaken for several other over-the-counter products. The ingestion of small amounts can be fatal. Additionally, a transplacental transfer can take place and may be toxic to a fetus.
Respiratory Tract Concerns
The respiratory tract is particularly sensitive to camphor, according to the MedScape website. This is thought to be due to its stimulation of nerve endings sensitive to the cold. Camphor crosses the mucous membranes, the skin, the placental barrier and can cause hepatic neurotoxicity, which is damage to the liver and the nerves.
Reye's Syndrome Mimic
Due to its hepatoneurotoxic effects, camphor toxicity may clinically mimic Reyes's Syndrome, according to the Pub Med website. To differentiate between the two, a histologic examination of liver tissue is necessary, which requires the need for a liver biopsy. Reyes Syndrome is a deadly disease that strikes swiftly, without warning and can affect children, teenagers and adults, with the liver and brain most affected.
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