One won't see it in a Lifetime movie, but chemotherapy affects all parts of the body, including the mouth. Teeth easily suffer during chemotherapy because of dry mouth, while the gums and cheeks may bleed and crack. However, while medical help is limited, a patient can take steps to discourage oral damage.
Background
Chemotherapy has many effects on the body. In addition to killing cancerous cells, chemotherapy kills healthy cells that the body needs to thrive. While hair loss, coughing blood and fatigue are all commonly documented, chemotherapy can also affect a person's mouth.
Complications
Oral decay easily occurs during chemotherapy. According to Cancer.gov, chemotherapy can induce dry mouth, also known as xerostomia, where the saliva glands produce insufficient saliva. As saliva aids in oral cleaning, neutralizing acids, speech and the sensation of thirst, dry mouth can lead to an unclean, fragile mouth where cavities easily develop.
A Japanese study also documented post-chemotherapy anomalies in the teeth of a child who was treated for cancer at an early age. X-rays years down the line revealed many malformed or missing teeth.
Treatment
Because the chemotherapy induces the dry mouth, little can be done until treatment ends. However, according to Cancerbackup.org, dentists will commonly prescribe fluoride mouthwashes and toothpastes. Sore teeth may require a softer toothbrush, while an electric toothbrush provides superior cleaning.
Chemotherapy's immune-suppressing effects can also make dental work dangerous. Any fillings or similar procedures must be carefully planned to avoid infections.
Prevention
The National Cancer Institute stresses careful oral care to prevent cavities. Brushing four times a day, rinsing with both fluoride mouthwashes and a solution of baking soda and salt, and drinking plenty of water will discourage bacterial conditions. Cancerbackup.org advises a pre-chemotherapy patient to complete any necessary dental work before starting treatment.
Similar Conditions
Chemotherapy can affect other areas of the mouth. The National Cancer Institute notes that altered tastes, oral infections, bleeding, ulcers and inflamed mucous membranes often occur during therapy. Dedicated dental hygiene is a must.
Tags: Cancer Institute, dental work, during chemotherapy, fluoride mouthwashes, National Cancer, National Cancer Institute