Otosclerosis is a condition characterized by minute amounts of abnormal bone growth in the walls of the inner ear. This growth freezes the stapes bone (stirrup) in place and prevents proper sound transmission to the inner ear fluids. The result is hearing impairment, often accompanied by a distinct ringing in the ears, tinnitus. Although these symptoms are difficult to cure entirely, there are several treatment options that may diminish their effects.
Understanding Otosclerosis
According to the American Hearing Research Foundation (AHRF), otosclerosis begins as a separate syndrome called otospongiosis, which is characterized by active changes in the bone inside your ear. When these changes end and the bone reaches its final altered state, otospongiosis turns into otosclerosis. In addition to hearing loss, your otosclerosis symptoms may also include dizziness and balancing difficulties. Initially, your hearing loss may appear as an inability to hear whispers or other low-pitched sounds. In addition to a ringing in your ears, your tinnitus may manifest as a buzzing, roaring or hissing sensation.
Treating Mild or Moderate Symptoms
If your otosclerosis and tinnitus are mild or moderate, your doctor may first choose to monitor your condition before recommending any specific treatment. He may also suggest you wear a hearing aid to increase your sound input during this time. If monitoring is chosen, you will need to get your hearing rechecked periodically to gauge the progression of your condition.
Your doctor may also choose to treat your symptoms with an over-the-counter dietary supplement containing sodium fluoride (Monocal, Florical). The goal of this approach is to speed up the process of otospongiosis and harden the bone in your ear before the stapes is fully frozen in place. According to the AHRF, sodium fluoride supplementation is somewhat controversial, although studies do suggest it may be beneficial. Potential side effects of the treatment include joint pain, stomach upset and an allergic reaction characterized by itching. Depending on your circumstances, supplementation may continue for two years or longer.
Treating Severe Symptoms
If your symptoms are severe, your doctor may recommend a surgical procedure called a stapedectomy. During a stapedectomy, your surgeon will remove your stapes bone and replace it with a synthetic device designed to mimic its functions. In addition to improving your hearing to the point where hearing aids are unnecessary, this procedure may directly diminish your tinnitus symptoms.
Stapedectomy is a relatively delicate surgery, with potential complications including destructive changes to your incus bone (anvil) and unwanted movement of your replacement stapes bone. It is also possible for your symptoms to advance to the point where a stapedectomy is ineffective. In some cases, a stapedectomy may worsen your existing symptoms. Consult your doctor or surgeon to learn more about the potential risks and benefits of this procedure.
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