Benzene, often referred to as benzol, is a popular organic compound. According to State University, small amounts of benzene result when carbon-rich materials "undergo incomplete combustion." Prior to World War II, benzene was mostly used as a byproduct of the steel industry. Other uses included decaffeinated coffee and aftershave lotion, for its sweet smell. Over the last five decades, benzene's popularity has increased tremendously because it is an essential component used to make plastic.
The Facts
Benzene is an organic chemical compound that is denoted by C6H6 because it is made up of six carbons and six hydrogens. It is an aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon. Its structural formula indicates that each carbon atom is bonded to one hydrogen atom and two carbon atoms. This structure leaves one free electron in each carbon atom, and it is this electron that is responsible for benzene's aromatic characteristic.
Features
Benzene is a colorless or lightly yellow liquid at room temperature. It is known for its sweet odor and extreme flammability. Benzene is slightly soluble in water and will often float on top of the water.
Uses
Benzene is both human-made as well as naturally occurring. In United States, benzene is ranked in the top 20 chemicals used for production volume. It is used in many industries, such as in plastics and resins. Benzene is also used in nylon and other synthetic fibers as well as in lubricants, dyes, rubber, drugs, pesticides and detergents. It occurs naturally in volcanoes and forest fires. It is also a natural component of crude oil, gasoline and cigarette smoke.
Warning
Benzene is found in higher concentrations indoors than outdoors. It may come from a variety of products, including glue, paint, wax and detergent. Gas stations also have higher concentrations of benzene. Individuals who have a lot of exposure to benzene need to be careful because benzene causes cells to work incorrectly. In certain cases, benzene causes anemia and immune system damage. Benzene is classified as a carcinogen (cancer-causing agent) by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Side Effects
People who have prolonged exposure to benzene may experience a variety of side effects, including dizziness, increased heartbeat, headaches, drowsiness, unconsciousness and death. Women who breathe in high levels of benzene for a long period of time can experience irregular periods and a decrease in the size of their ovaries.
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