Period symptoms can affect a woman's daily life.
Period symptoms, also known as premenstrual syndrome or PMS, typically occur in the one to two weeks leading up to a woman's period. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the exact cause of period symptoms is unknown; however, hormonal changes are believed to be a factor. It is estimated that 85 percent of menstruating women experience at least one PMS symptom. However, symptoms vary from woman to woman in form and severity.
Cramps
Many women experience pain and cramping in the abdominals and back. These cramps are likely due to chemical released by the body that causes the uterus to contract. This symptom usually occurs within the first five days of the start of the period. The severity of these cramps can range from mild to very painful. Some women may feel little to no cramping while others may experience severe cramps that interfere with daily function.
Breast Tenderness and Swelling
Swelling and tenderness of the breasts are also common period symptoms. These symptoms are caused by an increase in estrogen levels, which causes the breast ducts to enlarge. The breasts may feel dense, heavy and slightly lumpy to the touch. Dull pain also accompanies the swelling. Swelling and tenderness is usually greatest just before the start of the period and begins to taper off after the period begins.
Mood Swings
Mood swings are a common period symptom. You may experience depression and irritability right before and during your period. You may also experience anxiety and confusion and your mood may change suddenly and frequently without warning. You may feel as if you cannot control your feelings during this time and may feel more prone to crying or anger and experience increased sexual desire.
Cravings
You may crave certain foods before and during your period. Common cravings include sugary foods such as chocolate and desserts and starches such as bread, rice and noodles. These cravings may be due to the hormonal changes that accompany a period. The body experiences symptoms of low blood sugar and in response the brain signals the need for fuel and insulin.
Fatigue
Feeling tired more often than usual is also a period symptom. This fatigue is due to changes in the body's estrogen levels. These levels fluctuate throughout the period and low levels can leave you feeling low on energy. During this time you may sleep more often and daily activities, such as exercising can seem nearly impossible. Your energy will return as your body returns to its normal estrogen levels.
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