Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, more commonly known as ADHD, is sometimes thought of as a mental condition; however, it has now been concluded by scientists that it is a neurological malfunction of the area of the brain in the frontal lobe that is responsible for functions such as behavior, organization and impulsiveness. Because of the inhibited functioning, ADHD sufferers are likely to exhibit characteristics that are considered outside of the norm of social acceptance. Medication is often prescribed to assist in restoring more balanced brain functions, and dosages are often adjusted or discontinued when the condition shows signs of improvement that may result in associated withdrawal symptoms.
Causes
According the the Mayo Clinic, the exact cause of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder "remains a mystery"; however, some common consistencies point to possible reasons for the condition. Factors such as heredity, maternal smoking and environmental toxic exposure have been cited by the Mayo Clinic as playing a role in the disorder.
Symptoms of ADHD
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has listed various symptoms to look out for when you suspect a child might have ADHD. These include inability to pay attention, being easily distracted, interrupting, squirming constantly, not playing well with others, excessive talking and forgetting things. If the child has some or all of these symptoms, it could indicate attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Types
There are three different types of ADHD, according to the CDC website. The predominantly inattentive type is distracted easily and has difficulty with organization or finishing what they start. The manifestation of this type of the disorder is more mental than physical. The predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type of ADHD exhibits more physically restless behaviors such as fidgeting and the inability to sit still. In addition, they may do inappropriate things that cause trouble or injury due to their impulsive behavior. The third type of ADHD is a combination of the two and is called the combined type of ADHD.
Treatments
Treatments for ADHD often include prescription medications, behavioral management techniques and nutritional and dietary changes. Prescription medications such as Ritalin, Dexedrine, Adderall, Strattera and Concerta are prescribed to induce dopamine production in the brain, which is meant to increase feelings of motivation, concentration and attention. The duration of the effects of the medications differ according to the dosages prescribed.
Side Effects
The common side effects of ADHD drugs are numerous and include stomach pain, sleeplessness, high blood pressure, vomiting, headache, and decreased appetite. Concerta has been associated with psychosis that includes hallucinations. Some side effects of Ritalin include heart palpitations and arrhythmia.
Withdrawal Symptoms
Many of the drugs prescribed for the treatment of ADHD are considered addictive and can lead to withdrawal symptoms. The discontinuation of drugs prescribed to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder can lead to depression, extreme fatigue and weakness for those who stop taking them too quickly. There have also been reports of psychosis and suicidal thoughts in those who withdraw from ADHD drugs too rapidly. Withdrawal symptoms can even happen during treatment if the drug is not administered in a timely manner. It is important to decrease dosages very gradually and under the supervision of a physician. Monitoring the patient for symptoms of withdrawal from ADHD drugs is recommended during treatment and after discontinuation.
Alternatives
Studies are finding that changing the diet of a child who suffers from Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder might be as helpful as some prescription drugs and eliminate the risk of dangerous side effects associated with the medications. A study conducted by George Washington University discovered a link between a high-protein diet and decreased hyperactivity. In additon, including omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids in the diet appears to encourage a reduced incidence of the disorder. These can be found in grains, fish and flaxseed oils. According to WebMD, low levels of iron have been found to increase the symptoms of ADHD, and iron supplementation should be considered as part of the diet for sufferers. They recommend 5 mg per day of iron sulfate added to the diet. High dosages of iron can be toxic to children. Consult with your doctor before increasing iron intake. An increase in zinc and B6 also seems beneficial to those diagnosed with ADHD. Processed foods and sugars should be decreased substantially or eliminated from the diet for in order to assist in decreasing the symptoms associated with ADHD.
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