Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders refer to the medical condition that affects the joint of the jaw, including both sides of the jaw working in unison as well as the muscles of mastication. The term temporomandibular is derived from the two bones that form the joint: the temporal bone and the lower jaw bone (known as the mandible), which are connected by articular discs. If other treatment do not resolve the condition, surgery is another option--but complications can arise.
Types of Surgery
Open surgery for TMJ, called arthroplasty, can range from minimally invasive to complex. Examples include discectomy, disk repositioning and joint replacement.
Procedure
In most TMJ surgeries, the parts of the jaw are separated, examined, corrected and sewn back together. A synthetic material can be used to replace the disc or joint. Plastic surgery techniques are used and, if successful, should not leave a scar or cause disfigurement of the face. However, not all TMJ surgical procedures are successful. Sometimes another surgical procedure is required to correct a blotched surgery. TMJ surgery requires a high level of skill and care, and finding a reputable surgeon with a high success rate is recommended.
Minor Complications
Although most TMJ surgeries have been reported to be highly successful in increasing the functionality of the joints and reducing pain, as with most surgeries, arthroplasty has its risks and complications. TMJ surgery complications may include pain, swelling, infection and bleeding. In rare cases, there have been treatments that led to the injury of the nearby facial motor nerves and the nearby ear. It is best to consult with a well-experienced surgeon.
Risks
While TMJ surgery can correct disorders, dislocations or derangements, it is not a 100-percent success, making it a relatively high risk procedure. Doctors cannot predict the result of a surgery for sure. If suffering from TMJ disorder, it is best to do something about it immediately (such as physical therapy, massages or facial relaxations and exercises) to avoid the risk of surgery and its complications.
Alteration
TMJ surgery is a non-reversible treatment that can permanently alter one's bite. In most cases, it is best to explore non-invasive treatments first. Some use a mouth guard to correct their bite while others can opt for orthodontics to help realign their teeth. Muscle relaxants and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) may also help.
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